phrasal verbs with through

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Phrasal verbs with through :

Choose the correct meaning from the box below of the through verbs in these sentences.

Pass         communicate with           read carefully              repeat              recover/survive

     1. I’ve tried explaining how it works, but I just can’t get through to him.

     2. I’m taking the baccalaureate this year. I will certainly get through. I’ve been working hard.

     3. I still don’t understand how to use excel. Could you possibly go through the instructions again?

     4. One of my classmates has been very ill, but her doctor says she will pull through.

     5. I 've looked through the editorial twice and can’t see the issue the editorialist is arguing for.

UNIT 1: Writing

                                                                                                                                                    Cheating is considered as the worst behaviour in school since it has many consequences for students. First, students who cheat never learn or acquire new knowledge and information. This means that they lose the ability to think effectively or creatively. Second, students who cheat get marks that they don‘t deserve. In this way, they can be penalized or even expelled from school. Third, cheaters always depend on others; so, they lose their sense of responsibility and become lazy. This bad habit can develop in all their aspects of life and affect them negatively. To conclude, students should be aware of the negative effects of cheating in order to succeed in both their educational and personal lives.

A. Read the paragraph and answer the following questions:

1. What is the topic sentence?………………………………………….

2. What are the supporting sentences?…………………………

3. What is the concluding sentence?………………………………

B. Complete the following paragraph

Dropping out from school is a big phenomenon that has many causes. ………………………………………………………………………………………...........................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....................

………………………………………………………… To sum up, in order to help students continue their studies, their families, government and associations should cooperate to stop this problem.

C. Write a paragraph about the causes of illiteracy, the following ideas can help you

·         Poverty (not being able to afford school materials….etc)

·         Lack of schools, teachers…..etc

·         Lack of means of transportation (in the countryside)

·         Dropping out from school

·         Parents‘ mentality

reported speech

   1.Reported speech is used to report something said earlier. The most common reporting verbs are ‘say’, ‘tell’, ‘ask’,etc.When the reporting ver bis in the present, you don’t have to change the tense of the verb in the seond clause. However, when the reporting verb in the past, you bachshift the verb tense,i.e. you move the tenses in the sentence you report one step bach in time. Thus,

DIRECT SPEECH                                                                                       REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE                                                                                     PAST SIMPLE ‘’ i am a nurse.’’he said                                                                               He said (that) he was a nurse. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PRESENT CONTINUOUS                                                                      PAST CONTINUOUS ‘’i am working ‘’. he said                                                                             He told me he was working. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PAST SIMPLE                                                                                          PAST PERFECT ‘’Ahmed ate his breakfast yesterday’’.                                                       He said that he had eaten his breakfast the day before. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PRESENT PERFECT                                                                                  PAST PERFECT ‘’i’haven’t seen the movie yet’’                                                                   He said that he hadn’t seen the movie yet. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PAST CONTINUOUS                                                                               PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ‘’He was driving a car.’’                                                                                He told me that he had been driving a car. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ‘’WILL’’ FUTURE                                                                                      ‘WOULD’ CONDITIONAL ‘’I’ll win that game’’. He told me.                                                                He told me that he would win that game. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CAN                                                                                                              COULD ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MAY                                                                                                             MIGHT ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MUST                                                                                                           HAD TO

                                                                                                                                                               2. when you reporting questions, you bring the same changes to verb tenses. The most common reporting verbs ‘ask’, ‘want to know’, ‘wonder’,’ enquire’, etc.

 e.g.’’how long did you stay at that hotel’’? he asked me

         he wanted to know how long I had stayed at that hotel.

       ‘’Will it take  long to come back ?’’

      He asked her if it would take her long to come back.

   3. when reporting apologies, advice, warnings, suggestions, etc., it is preferable to use the verbs: apologized, advised, warned, suggested, etc.

 e.g.’’you ought to give up drinking.’’ He said.         He advised me to give up drinking.

        ‘’don’t tell anyone: otherwise...’’ She said.      She warned me not to tell anyone: otherwise…

  4.time and place words changes when reporting statements or questions: here are some changes that may have to be made :

now	then		here	there		tonight	That night
this	that		today	That day		tomorrow	The next day
these	those		yesterday	The day before		Next week	The following week

             

suggestions

MAKING AND RESPONDING TO SUGGESTIONS :

Suggestions :

·         Let’s revise our lessons.

·         What about going to the cinema tonight ?

·         How about playing cards ?

·         Why don’t we do our homework ?

·         Couldn’t we invite your grandmother to our party ?

·         Shall we have a walk along the river ?

·         What would you say to a cup of coffee ?

·         Don’t you think is it a good idea to watch TV ?

·         Does it matter if we use your car ?

Accepting suggestions :

·         Ok. Yes, let’s.

·         Yes. I’d like to.

·         Yes. I’d love to.

·         What a good idea.

·         Why not ?

·         Yes. With pleasure.

·         Yes. I feel like taking a walk.

·         That sounds like a good idea

Refusing suggestions :

·         No, let’s not

·         No, i’d rather not.

·         I don’t feel like it.

·         I dislike going for a walk.

·         What an awful/bad idea

Things to remember about suggestions :

1. the verb’’suggest’’can be followed by other :

·         Should + verb= i suggest(that) we should go to the cinema.

·         A verb (in subjonctive form)= i suggest (that) we go to the cinema.

2. ‘’That’’ is optional :

·         I suggest that we should go to the dentist.

·         I suggest we should go to the dentist.

Dialogue :

Two friends talking about where to go the evening :

Ali	You know ahmed. Why don’t we go to the cinema to watch  Titanic ?
Ahmed	No,let’s not. We’ve seen the film many times before. What about going to the library ? We have to finish our school project !
Ali	That sounds a good idea. But when we finish let’s go to the cafe
Ahmed	Yes. I’d love to

complaints

Complaining

Here are expressions you can use when complaining :

•             I have a complaint to make…

•             Sorry to bother you but…

•             I’m sorry to say this but…

•             I’m afraid I’ve got a complaint about…

•             I’m afraid there is a slight problem with…

•             Excuse me but there is a problem about…

•             I want to complain about…

•             I’m angry about…

Examples :

I have a complaint to make.	Your pizza is just too salty.
I’m sorry to say this but	Your food is inedible(uneatble)
1.            I’m afraid I’ve got a complaint about your child. He ‘s too noisy. 2.            I’m afraid there is a slight problem with the service in this hotel. 3.            Excuse me but you are standing on my foot. 4.            I want to complain about the noise you are making. 5.           I’m angry about the way you treat me.

Responding to complaints :

Positive response to complaints :

•             I’m sorry, but this will never occur/happen again.

•             I’m sorry, we promise never to do the same mistake again.

•             I’m really sorry, we’ll do our ulmost/best not to the same mistake again.

Negative response to complaints :

•             Sorry, there is nothing we can do about it.

•             I’m afraid, there isn’t much we can do about it.

•             We are sorry but the food is just alright.

Things to remember about complaints :

When expressing a complaint in english, it helps to be polite. Although ‘’ I’m angry about your pizza. It’s too salty’’ is one possible way of expressing a complaint, it is considered too rude and you’d better use more polite expressions if you want to get what you want!

unit 1: advice

Asking for and giving advice :

Asking for advice :

·         I’ve got a bad toothache. What do you suggest?

·         What do you advise me to do?

·         What should I do?

·         What ought i to do?

·         What’s  your adivce ?

·         If you were me what would you do ?

Giving advice :

·         If i were you . i should go to the dentist.

·         Why  don’t you go to the denist ?

·         You’d better brush your teeth regularly.

·         You ought to /should avoid eating sweets.

·         If you take my advice, you’ll go to the dentist.

·         It might be a good idea to brush your teeth on a regular basis.

·         I advise you to brush your teeth on a regular basis.

·         Have you thought about seeing a dentist?

Declining to give advice :

·         I don’t know what to advise me, I’m afraid.

·         I wish i could suggest something, but i can’t.

·         I wish i could help.

·         I’m afraid i can’t really help you.

Things to remember about asking for and giving advice :

1.‘advise ‘ is a verb

Example :

‘i advise you to learn english. You will undoubtedly need it in your higher studies ‘

2.’advice’ is a noun.

Example :

‘my father give me  this piece of advice when i was young : never give up.’

3.’ought to’ has nearly the same meaning as’’should’’. The only difference is that ‘’ought to’’refers to a moral or external obligation but ‘’ should’’ is more of an advice.

Example :

‘’you ought to stop smoking’’.

‘’you should stop smoking’’.

4.’’you’d better’’is the short form of ’’you had better’’.

Example :

‘’you’d better see a doctor’’ – ‘’you had better see a doctor’’.

Study the dialogue :

Student :	I ‘m terrible at english and I think I should do something about it. What do you advise me to do ?
Teacher :	I think you should try this website. It’s a fantastic website for beginners.
Student :	I’ve heard about it, but what do you think i should start with ?
Teacher :	You’d better start with the lessons. Then, try the exercieses.

Unit 2: women and power: Reading

Empowering Women aims to inspire women with the courage to break free from the chains of limiting belief patterns and societal or religious conditioning that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to see their true beauty and power. There is a pertinent need to empower women and the competitiveness of the country depends on the capability of its women who constitute more than half of the population. This enormous contribution to the country will greatly heighten the country‘s advancement.

 Women empowerment is in a higher position today. But though women have shown their power, yet a large number of them still have to face a lot of hurdles. So in order to bring women into the limelight, they need to be empowered. Empowering women enhances their ability to influence the changes and create a better society. Other than education, changes in women‘s mobility and social interactions are necessary.Women are one of the greatest assets of our society. They are equal to men in every aspect.

 Education attainment and economic participation are the key constituents in ensuring theempowerment of women. Education is the most important thing in all spheres of activities. Without proper education, women will not be able to fulfil their desires. Education is the tool that can help break the pattern of gender discrimination and bring lasting change for women in developing countries. Educated women are essential to ending gender bias, starting by reducing the poverty that makes discrimination even worse in the developing world. The most basic skills in literacy and arithmetic open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. The longer a girl is able to stay in school, the greater her chances to pursue worthwhile employment, higher education, and a life without the hazards of extreme poverty. By educating the women of the country, the country develops further and the women themselves gain personal benefits.

A. Answer the following questions from the text.

1. What is the goal of empowering women?

…………………………………………………………………

2. What do we need in order to empower women?

…………………………………………………………

3. In what way education is important to the empowerment of women?

…………………………………………………………………

B. Say whether the following statements are true or false, justify your answer.

1. A countries development depends on the empowerment of women

……………………………………………………….

2. Education of women enhances women‘s participation in social life

……………………………………………..

3. Men and women are different

………………………………………………………………………

C. What do the following words refer to?

They (paragraph2):…………………

Her (paragraph3):…………………..

D. Write down the main ideas of the text.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..