past perfect

Grammer: past perfect

 Form: had+past participle of the verb

Use : when two actions are in the past and one procedes the other; the first is put in the past perfect.

When we report what people had said, the past perfect is also said.

The past perfect is used with: already, before, after, until, as soon as, when, etc.

   e.g. Jane had done her homework before she went out.

         When I arrived at the airport, there was no plane. It had already taken

off.                              

       He didn’t go to bed until he had set his alarm clock.

After/since Because/until     +   past perfect,  simple past As soon as

after/since   Simple past          +    because/until  +  past perfect                                       as soon as

Before When                      +    simple past ,  past perfect By the time

before Past perfect          when              simple past                                 by the time

By last… By yesterday…        past perfect By 2000

Pay attention : Yesterday/last/in 2001/….ago     we use simple past(v+ed/list C2/didn’t+infinitive)

Exercise :

1-      By last week, we(join)…………………the new council.

2-      She (come)…………………………..before we arrived

3-      When they arrived, the dinner(already begin).

4-      I wanted to see her again as soon as she (leave).

5-      Did you post the letter after you (write) it?

6-      She told me her name after she (leave).

7-      she was tired because she had worked very hard.

8-      Last month, the workers didn’t stop the strike until the boss had agreed to raise their wages.